12 วิธีลดต้นทุน PCB และ PCBA โดยไม่เสียคุณภาพ [2024]

# 12 วิธีลดต้นทุน PCB และ PCBA โดยไม่เสียคุณภาพ

ต้นทุน เป็นปัจจัยสำคัญในการแข่งขัน บทความนี้รวบรวม 12 วิธีลดต้นทุน PCB และ PCBA อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ

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สารบัญ

1. PCB Design Optimization
2. Material Selection
3. Panel Utilization
4. Layer Count Optimization
5. Component Selection
6. Assembly Optimization
7. Volume Strategies
8. Summary Table

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PCB Cost Breakdown

```

Typical PCB Cost Structure

═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

PCB Fabrication (30-40% of PCBA):

├── Material (base laminate) 25-35%

├── Processing (drilling, etc) 30-40%

├── Plating (copper, finish) 15-20%

├── Solder mask/silkscreen 5-10%

└── Testing/QC 5-10%

PCBA Cost (full assembly):

├── Bare PCB 15-25%

├── Components 50-70%

├── SMT Assembly 10-15%

├── Testing 3-5%

└── Others (packaging, etc) 5-10%

═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

```

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1-3. PCB Design Optimization {#design}

1. Board Size Reduction

2. Standard Specifications

```

Standard vs Premium PCB Specs

═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

Parameter │ Standard │ Premium │ Cost Impact

─────────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼────────────

Min Trace/Space │ 6/6 mil │ 4/4 mil │ +20-30%

Min Hole │ 0.3mm │ 0.2mm │ +15-25%

Copper Weight │ 1oz │ 2oz+ │ +15-20%

Surface Finish │ HASL │ ENIG │ +10-15%

Solder Mask │ Green │ Other color │ +5-10%

Silkscreen │ One side │ Both sides │ +5%

Recommendation: Use standard specs unless required

═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

```

3. DFM Compliance

เลี่ยงปัญหาที่เพิ่มต้นทุน:

• Tight tolerances
• Small annular rings
• Complex routing
• Via-in-pad (needs filling)
• Non-standard holes

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4-6. Material & Structure {#materials}

4. Material Selection

5. Layer Count Optimization

```

Layer Count Cost Impact

═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

Layers │ Relative Cost │ Notes

───────┼───────────────┼─────────────────────────────

2 │ 1.0x │ Baseline

4 │ 1.8-2.2x │ Most common

6 │ 2.5-3.0x │ +40% vs 4-layer

8 │ 3.5-4.0x │ Complex designs

10+ │ 4.5x+ │ HDI territory

Cost saving tips:

├── Can 6-layer become 4-layer with routing optimization?

├── Use thinner dielectric where possible

└── Consider sequential lamination alternatives

═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

```

6. Panel Utilization

เพิ่ม utilization = ลดต้นทุน/board

```

Panel Utilization Example

═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

Standard panel: 18" x 24" (457 x 610mm)

Board size: 100 x 80mm

Option A: Standard array

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐

│ ┌────┐ ┌────┐ ┌────┐ ┌────┐ ┌────┐ │

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 5 x 6 = 30 pcs │

│ └────┘ └────┘ └────┘ └────┘ └────┘ │

│ ┌────┐ ┌────┐ ┌────┐ ┌────┐ ┌────┐ │

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Utilization: 66% │

│ └────┘ └────┘ └────┘ └────┘ └────┘ │

│ ... (6 rows) │

└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Option B: Rotated/optimized

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐

│ ┌──┐┌──┐┌──┐┌──┐┌──┐┌──┐ │

│ │ ││ ││ ││ ││ ││ │ 6 x 7 = 42 pcs │

│ └──┘└──┘└──┘└──┘└──┘└──┘ │

│ ┌──┐┌──┐┌──┐┌──┐┌──┐┌──┐ Utilization: 80% │

│ │ ││ ││ ││ ││ ││ │ │

│ └──┘└──┘└──┘└──┘└──┘└──┘ 40% more boards! │

│ ... (7 rows) │

└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

```

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7-9. Component Optimization {#components}

7. Component Selection

8. BOM Consolidation

```

BOM Optimization Example

═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

Before:

├── 100nF X7R 0402 16V (50 pcs)

├── 100nF X5R 0402 10V (30 pcs)

├── 100nF X7R 0603 16V (20 pcs)

└── Total: 3 line items

After:

├── 100nF X7R 0402 25V (100 pcs)

└── Total: 1 line item

Benefits:

├── Volume discount

├── Fewer feeders (assembly)

├── Less inventory

└── Simpler sourcing

═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

```

9. Package Selection

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10-12. Production Optimization {#assembly}

10. Assembly Design

11. Testing Strategy

12. Volume Strategies

```

Volume Discount Example

═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

PCB Price per Unit:

Quantity │ Price/Unit │ Savings vs 100

─────────┼────────────┼───────────────

100 │ $5.00 │ Baseline

500 │ $3.50 │ -30%

1,000 │ $2.80 │ -44%

5,000 │ $2.00 │ -60%

10,000 │ $1.60 │ -68%

Strategy: Consolidate orders where possible

═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

```

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Summary Table {#summary}

Quick Reference

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บทสรุป

> สรุปจากผู้เชี่ยวชาญ: "Cost reduction ต้องเริ่มตั้งแต่ design 80% ของต้นทุนถูก lock ตั้งแต่ design phase การพยายามลดต้นทุนทีหลังมักได้ผลน้อยและอาจกระทบคุณภาพ ทำ DFM review ตั้งแต่ต้น" — Hommer Zhao

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บริการของเรา

PCB Thailand ช่วยลดต้นทุน:

• DFM Review ฟรี
• Panel Optimization
• BOM Alternatives
• Volume Discounts

ติดต่อเรา สำหรับ quote comparison

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บทความที่เกี่ยวข้อง

• DFM Guide
• PCB Materials Comparison
• PCB Manufacturer Selection